John J. Dobbins and Pedar W. Foss, eds,
The World of Pompeii (Routledge, July 2007)
MARGINALIA
(supplementary teaching and reference material; in progress)
by Pedar W. Foss and Sarah E. Craft; updated January–February 2013 by A. Michael Binns
https://quemdixerechaos.com/pompeii/marginalia/
This page contains a series of links to web-pages or references to additional resources that elaborate or illustrate points in the text, organized by chapter and page number. For an immensely complex site such as Pompeii, one of the trickiest things is to find out the source for a particular piece of evidence. While it is impossible to illustrate every point in a chapter, by keying as many points as possible in chapters to external resources, a much fuller and more richly drawn picture may emerge for the reader who wishes to explore, especially regarding lesser-known sites, structures, and works of art. It does not tend to link to topics that should be sufficiently covered within the volume. It is all on one “page” to assist searches, and permit convenient download (note the proper citation format below). Besides the addenda, corrigenda for the volume are also included here, and placeholders for desiderata are indicated by ‘xxxxxxxxx’. If the same source is cited more than once in the same chapter, a cross-reference is made; citations of the same source in different chapters are repeated.
This page simply links to documents, illustrations and publications already available – it makes no claim of copyright on any of that material unless specifically noted for items generated by the editors or individual chapter authors. Additionally, the compiler of this resource (P. Foss) does not vouch for the reliability and accuracy of information at each external location, as web-sites constantly change, though he has tried to choose the best, most scholarly resources available at the time. He attempts to avoid, if possible, sites whose authors are not specified, or use pseudonyms. He does not link to sites that sell antiquities. Finally, several references are given to A. E. Cooley and M. G. L. Cooley, Pompeii. A Sourcebook, London, 2004, a useful compilation of primary sources, using the short title Cooley Sourcebook, followed by the reference number used in that book.
This site is under development. The original version was released on 9 July 2008; it has been updated in part by Foss [PWF], but largely by the substantial efforts of Michael Binns [AMB], University of Durham Department of Archaeology.
A dagger, “ † ”, after a link shows that it is broken (as of 16 Jan 2013+), and no replacement site is yet known. Some well known sites have moved, which includes the former http://www.servius.org site (the work of William Storage and Laura Maish), now migrated to http://www.rome101.com/. The Perseus site at www.tufts.edu has been reorganised, but redirects quite smoothly. The Soprintendenza site for Pompeii has also been reorganised and moved, but it does not redirect; it is at present only available in Italian, and its contents are so far fairly thin: http://www.pompeiisites.org/. Where the older links can be updated to new URLs, this has been done without further comment usually, and the older links have been removed. All links not otherwise marked were found to be valid at the date when that chapter was checked. [AMB]
Additions or corrections may be sent to pfoss@depauw.edu. The format for citing this web-page should be Pedar W. Foss, Sarah E. Craft, and A. Michael Binns, “Marginalia for Dobbins and Foss’ The World of Pompeii,” https://quemdixerechaos.com/pompeii/marginalia/ (date stamp). The date stamp for this, most current, version is 1 March 2013.
Preface. John J. Dobbins and Pedar W. Foss [Section checked, AMB, 16 Jan 2013; additions, PWF, 22 Feb 2013; AMB, 30 Jan 2013]
- p. xxvii: Mau and Kelsey’s Pompeii: Its Life and Art is now available online, with PDFs for each chapter, scanned from the 1907 revised edition: http://dpuadweb.depauw.edu/~pfoss/Mau/maukelsey.pdf. Reprints and used copies are also still available.
- p. xxvii: August Mau: http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/maua.htm The Deutsches Archäologisches Institut: http://www.dainst.org/
- pp. xxvii–xxviii: Francis W. Kelsey: http://um2017.org/faculty-history/faculty/francis-willey-kelsey. A biography of Kelsey has now been written by J. G. Pedley: The Life and Work of Francis Willey Kelsey: Archaeology, Antiquity, and the Arts (Michigan 2011), reviewed in the January 2013 issue of the American Journal of Archaeology: http://www.ajaonline.org/online-review-book/1466.
- The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology (KMA) is at the University of Michigan: http://www.lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/.
- p. xxviii: Abbreviations follow the American Journal of Archaeology: http://www.ajaonline.org/submissions/.
- p. xxix: The Halstead B. Vander Poel Campanian Collection, ca. 1570–1997 (materials for the Corpus Topographicum Pompeianum et al.), in the Getty Museum Special Collections: http://library.getty.edu/vwebv/ holdingsInfo?searchId=95&recCount=25&recPointer=20&bibId=570862, but it should be noted that this only gives an inventory of the vast contents, which are not themselves on line.
- p. xxix: P. Foss would like to add these acknowledgements and thanks, which to his regret should have appeared in print: To R. F. J. Jones and the Department of Archaeological Sciences at the University of Bradford (http://www.bradford.ac.uk/archsci/) for a sabbatical stay in 2006–07 during which the book was prepared for press, and to Anne Harris in the Art Department at DePauw University (http://www.depauw.edu/acad/art/) for jointly teaching a Pompeii seminar at Depauw University in Spring 2006, when we were able to test the manuscript as a textbook, and received much helpful feedback from a fine group of students.
Part I. Beginnings
Ch. 1: City and Country. An introduction. Pietro Giovanni Guzzo [Section checked, AMB, 18 Jan 2013; PWF, 27 Feb 2013]
- p. 3: At the time of publication Prof. Guzzo was the head of the Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompeii: http://www.pompeiisites.org/. This has since become the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei (SANP) and now [18 Jan. 2013] has dott.ssa Teresa Elena Cinquantaquattro as its overall Soprintendente archeologico in Naples and dott.ssa Grete Stefani as her deputy in Pompeii. Prof. Guzzo left Pompeii in 2010, and Dott. Antonio Varone replaced him there 2010–2012.
- p. 3: Livy’s mention of Pompeii during the Samnite Wars (9.38.2–3) In Latin and English: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Liv.+9.38.1&redirect=true; In English: Cooley Sourcebook A7.
- p. 3: The Samnite Wars are summarized here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samnite_Wars
- p. 3: Strabo’s description of Pompeii and Herculaneum (5.4.8); In English: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/5D*.html; Cooley Sourcebook A5.
- p. 3: The necropolis at Santa Maria delle Grazie is discussed and partly illustrated in this document from the Centro Culturale di Gragnano about Gragnano and the Ager Stabianus: In Italian: http://www.centroculturalegragnano.it/frame_12/libro%20gragnano.pdf
- p. 3: Pliny the Elder’s mention of the Petra Herculis (32.17)
In Latin and English: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plin.+Nat.+32.8&redirect=true (misfiled under section 32.VII). Note that there are two different pagination schemes for Pliny’s Historia Naturalis; 32.17 = 32.VIII. - p. 4: On the “Stabian Bridge” see the Oscan inscription concerned with road-building in Cooley Sourcebook A8.
- p. 4: On the pagus Augustus felix suburbanus cited in CIL X, 853, 814, 924, 1042, 1027 see Cooley Sourcebook D1, D70, F97–99.
- p. 5: Some fresco details from the Villa of Poppaea can be viewed at the Restoring Ancient Stabiae Site: http://ras.stabiae.com/. Choose this villa from the seven marked there, but nothing happens. It is apparently under construction. The “Regional Map” is useful and has a key (“Legenda”) to the right, but both are in tiny windows and awkward to use: style has superseded practicality. http://www.stabiae.com/stabiae/index.php?lang=en does not have the Villa Carmiano. For the Carmiano frescos: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Villa_Carmiano_(Stabiae). For a useful note on this villa (and the others at Stabiae, all in Italian) see: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavi_archeologici_di_Stabia. For more pictures of seven villas at Stabiae: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_villas_in_Stabiae and for wider things: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stabiae.
- p. 5: Materials from the Terzigno site have been touring in the “Pompeii: Stories from an eruption” exhibit. See http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/terzigno.asp: two pages, and the two pictures are clickable. See also https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/neighbouring-area/terzigno, the “AD79” site.
- p. 5: The Villa Regina at Boscoreale: http://www.pompeiisites.org/Sezione.jsp?titolo=Boscoreale&idSezione=16: it has little to say, and its “Mediagallery” is empty. See also http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p1.htm. (But note that internally it can only be found from the home menu: go down the page into the long list.)
- p. 5: Third-Style Egyptian motifs from “The Black Room” (15) of the Villa of Agrippa Postumus at Boscotrecase: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bsco/ho_20.192.1-.3.htm (nine thumbnails pop up detailed views: AMB, 16 Jan 2013); also from “tablinum” (2) in the Villa of the Mysteries: http://www.rome101.com/Topics/Pompeii/Mysteries/pages/051112_0861LM.htm
and http://www.rome101.com/Topics/Pompeii/Mysteries/pages/051112_0862LM.htm
and http://www.rome101.com/Topics/Pompeii/Mysteries/pages/051112_0869LM.htm - pp. 4–6: A summary of the Ager Pompeianus from the Soprintendenza site, with brief mentions of the sanctuaries at Fondo Iozzino and S. Abbondio, and a link at the bottom to an annotated list of villas, in Italian: http://ftp.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/C821ED298858E575C1256ABB00359F41?OpenDocument. See also Ray Laurence’s Abstract, “Pompeii and the ager Pompeianus,” from Alison Cooley’s forthcoming Companion to Roman Italy at http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/staff/alisoncooley/italy/abstracts/laurence
- p. 6: The Villa of the Papyri (“of the Pisones”) at Herculaneum. For the papyri see: http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/ For art in the Naples Museum see: http://www.rome101.com/Topics/Herculaneum/, and use the side headings to reach sets of pictures that are all clickable to a moderate size. For conservation of the site see: http://www.herculaneum.org/hcp-home/eng/conservazione.html
- p. 6: The Villa Poppaea at Oplontis: http://www.indiana.edu/~leach/c409/oplan.html (clickable plan with images; some links still incomplete since 19 May 1997, and the pictures are small and of low definition by modern standards). http://www.rome101.com/Topics/Oplontis/: dozens of fine photos use the side headings to reach sets of pictures that are all clickable to a moderate size; there is also useful plan. http://www.pompeiisites.org/Sezione.jsp?titolo=La+Villa+di+Poppea&idSezione=234. See also http://www.pompeiisites.org/Sezione.jsp?titolo=Storia+degli+scavi&idSezione=226. See now http://www.rome101.com/Topics/Oplontis/, which includes a plan and a useful essay with clickable illustrations on “Thoughts on Vanishing Point Perspective in the Villa of Poppaea.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Poppaea has a clickable plan and pictures and further links, and see http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Oplontis.]
- p. 6: For the Villa San Marco at Stabiae and other Stabiae villas see the Restoring Ancient Stabiae Site: http://www.stabiae.com/stabiae/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13&Itemid=122&lang=it. http://www.pompeiiinpictures.org/: look down the Home Page for the link. http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=50&offset=0&redirs=0&profile=default&search=stabiae+villa+san+marco. http://www.rome101.com/Topics/Stabiae/. https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/stabiae/villa-san-marco
- p. 6: The contrada Sora Villa at Torre del Greco. http://www.vesuvioweb.com/it/2012/04/archeologia-storia-contrada-sora-torre-del-greco-di-aniello-langella/ see the PDF report at bottom of page; links to other reports from Torre del Greco from the are in the right sidebar (Mappa Sito). A wealth of detailed illustrated reports at this site. See now [AMB, 18 Jan 2013]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fNneK2spTk, a movie in Italian of moderate definition but quite thorough, and http://bloggingpompeii.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/archeologia-costiera-un-porto-romano.html for a note, but the link to further text is broken. Other Blogging Pompeii links are at http://bloggingpompeii.blogspot.co.uk/2009/04/lesser-known-sites-villa-sora.html and a comment and http://bloggingpompeii.blogspot.co.uk/2009/05/visiting-villa-sora.html with clickable pictures. http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Sora_(Torre_del_Greco) has a clickable picture of the satyr. http://www.torreomnia.com/attualita/villa_sora/vill_sora.htm. The marble relief of Orpheus and Eurydice (no. 6727 in the Naples Museum): http://cir.campania.beniculturali.it/museoarcheologiconazionale/itinerari-tematici/galleria-di-immagini/RA328; see also http://www.vesuvioweb.com/it/2012/01/aniello-langella-il-bassorilievo-di-orfeo-e-euridice-di-torre-del-greco-reportage-fotografico/; a 19th-century drawing: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hermes_Eurydike_und_Orpheus_MKL1888.png ]. The satyr: http://www.vesuvioweb.com/it/2012/01/aniello-langella-il-satiro-versante-di-torre-del-greco-ispirato-ad-un-modello-bronzeo-di-prassitele/. The Palermo museum site has only has a smallish picture of the satyr, heavily overprinted [AMB, 18 Jan 2013]: http://www.regione.sicilia.it/beniculturali/salinas/NIMG/pianoP/pp_satiro%20versante.jpg. The entire satyr can be seen at a http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/DSC00215_-_Satiro_versante_-_Da_Prassitele_-370-60_aC-_-_Copia_romana.jpg with a detailed view at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:DSC00217_-_Satiro_versante_-_Da_Prassitele_-370-60_aC-_-_Copia_romana.jpg (head, with clickable enlargement) and Hercules and the stag, with clickable enlargement, is at: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-08.jpg. https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/neighbouring-area/torre-del-greco: this “AD79” site has a good survey of the site with many illustrations and notes.
- For more on villas see Chapter 28; for more on the Villa of the Papyri see Chapter 27.
Ch. 2: History and historical sources J.-P. Descoeudres [Section checked, AMB, 15 Feb 2013; PWF, 1 Mar 2013]
- Written sources for Pompeii and Herculaneum: Cooley Sourcebook.
- p. 9: Sources for the earthquake of AD 62. Seneca, QNat 6.1.1–3 and 6.26.3–27.1: In Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sen/sen.qn6.shtml. In Latin and English: Corcoran, Thomas H., translator, 1972. Seneca, Natural Questions, Volume II: Books 4–7. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English: Cooley Sourcebook C1. Tacitus, Ann. 15.22: In Latin and English: http://www.geocities.com/ckieffe/Annales15Main.html (scroll down the two columns); Jackson, John, translator, 1937. Tacitus, Annals: Books 13–16. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English: Cooley Sourcebook C2; Damon, Cynthia, translator, 2012. Tacitus, Annals. London, Penguin Books. The well known marble relief panels, showing the effects of the earthquake are discussed briefly in Cooley Sourcebook C3 and Plate 3.1, p. 30. Better pictures are at http://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R5/5%2001%2026%20p2.htm – see also now pictures and an article from the Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte in Halle: http://www.lda-lsa.de/landesmuseum_fuer_vorgeschichte/fund_des_monats/2011/dezember/.
- p. 9: Sources for the AD 79 eruption. Pliny the Younger’s letters to Tacitus about his witnessing of the eruption are at Plin. Ep. 6.16 and 6.20: In Latin: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0139%3Abook%3D6%3Aletter%3D16%3Asection%3D1 and http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0139%3Abook%3D6%3Aletter%3D20%3Asection%3D1, but, unless I have missed something, the layout is tedious and requires continuous stepping forward in tiny steps. Better are the texts at Bibliotheca Augustana: http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost02/PliniusMinor/pli_ep06.html and at The Latin Library: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pliny.ep6.html. In Latin and English: Radice, Betty, translator, 1969. Pliny Letters, Volume I: Books 1–7. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. See also now P. Foss’ serial translation and commentary on both letters, in progress: https://quemdixerechaos.com/category/pompeii/pliny/. In English: Radice, Betty, translator, 1974. The Letters of the Younger Pliny. London, Penguin Books (also eBook, 2003). Cassius Dio, 66.21, 22, 24: In Greek and English: Cary, Earnest, and Foster, Herbert B., translators, 1925. Dio Cassius, Roman History, Volume VIII, Books 61–70. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English with notes: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html
- p. 9: Strabo’s description of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Geographica, 5.4.8: In Greek: http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/graeca/Chronologia/S_post01/Strabon/str_g050.html. In Greek and English: Jones, Horace Leonard, translator, 1923. Strabo, Geography, Volume II, Books 3–5. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/5D*.html and Cooley Sourcebook A5;
- p. 9: Pliny the Elder on the Pompeian population, HN 3.60–62: In Latin: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/3*.html. In English: Cooley Sourcebook A6; and Healey, John F., translator, 1991. Pliny the Elder, Natural History: A Selection. London, Penguin Books (also eBook, 2004).
- p. 10: Livy’s mention of Pompeii during the Samnite Wars, Ab Vrbe Condita, 9.38.2–3: In Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.9.shtml. In Latin and English: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Liv.+9.38.1. In English: Cooley Sourcebook A7; Radice, Betty, translator, 1982. Rome and Italy: The History of Rome from its Foundation. London, Penguin Books (also eBook, 2004).
- p.10: Tacitus on the amphitheater riot, Ann 14.17: In Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/tacitus/tac.ann14.shtml. In Latin and English: Jackson, John, translator, 1937. Tacitus, Annals: Books 13–16. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0078%3Abook%3D14%3Achapter%3D17, Damon, Cynthia, translator, 2012. Tacitus, Annals. London, Penguin Books. For the painting depicting the riot from the Casa di Anicetus, I.3.23, west wall of the peristilium: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.org/ and go through the address links until you get there, Parts 1 and 2, but the present pictures are not sharp [AMB, 24 Jan 2013]. Much better ones are at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pompeii_-_Battle_at_the_Amphitheatre_-_MAN.jpg; http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pittura_di_pompei_con_zuffa_tra_pompeiani_e_nocerini.jpg
- p. 10: Inscription on the ramp of the Temple of Dionysus at S. Abbondio: Cooley Sourcebook A17. For a detailed report on the temple, including the mosaic ramp inscription and the Oscan inscription on the altar (pp. 330-4), see: Ruth Bielfeldt, “Der Liber-Tempel in Pompeji, S. Abbondio. Oskisches Vorstadtheiligtum und römisches Vereinslokal,” Römische Mitteilungen 113 (2006) 317-71: http://www.academia.edu/1760054/Der_Liber-Tempel_in_Pompeji_S._Abbondio._Oskisches_Vorstadtheiligtum_und_romisches_Vereinslokal_Romische_Mitteilungen_113_2006_317-371.
- p. 10: Pompeii amphitheater inscription (CIL X, 852): http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2346/2476151834_3fdbb5663d_z.jpg.
- p. 10: For assorted epigraphy at Pompeii: http://www.csun.edu/%7Ehcfll004/pompinsc.html. For examples of graffiti (scratched messages) and dipinti (painted messages) at Pompeii but with few references to the primary sources and with some broken further links; Cooley Sourcebook is much better. http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin_Vulgar/Texts/Pompeii_Graffiti.html; http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pompeii-inscriptions.html; http://www.utexas.edu/courses/romanciv/30222housesimages.htm (largely other illustrations, 2002). See also https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/the-writing-on-the-wall which has a good selection of “graffiti”, i.e. dipinti, with locations, CIL iv references, and rather coy translations [AMB, 25 Jan 2013].
- p. 11: The sack of Corinth by Mummius: Polybios, Histories, XXXVIII, 3–11: In Greek and English: Paton, W. R., Olson, S. Douglas, translators, 2012. Polybius, The Histories, Volume VI, Books 28–39. Fragments. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-corinth146.html
- p. 11: For a 360-degree view of the Temple of Apollo: http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Pompeii/: choose “Map of Pompeii with Panoramic Images”, click on the blue Forum area, and then the red arrow at the center of the Temple on the west side of the Forum.
- p. 11: For “cave canem” mosaics: http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/gaddis/HST210/Aug28/Cave%20Canem.jpg (House of the Tragic Poet, VI.8.5); http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cave_canem.JPG (House of Orpheus, VI.14.20; now in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli [MANN]); http://www.dogsofpompeii.com/gallery.php?gazpart=view&gazimage=394 (House of Paquius Proculus, I.7.1); http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.03.jpg (House of Caecilius Iucundus, V.1.26). A better one is at http://www.pompeiiinpictures.org/ and go through the address links to V.1.26, Part 1, photos 2-3.
- p. 12: For the ‘HAVE’ mosaic in the pavement at the entrance to the House of the Faun, VI.12.2: http://pompeya.desdeinter.net/cfauno01.htm http://www.flickr.com/photos/74745547@N00/464815225/in/photostream/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/74745547@N00/464805544/in/photostream/. Note the other “HAVE” mosaic above a mosaic of a wounded bear at the House of the Bear, VII.2.45: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.org/R7/7%2002%2045.htm Part 1, photo 5, dated December 2007. See also the next picture from an 1875 lithograph: it is much clearer. On my visit [AMB, 24 Sept 2012] almost nothing could be made out because of the accumulated dirt.
- p. 12: For a possible portrait of Caecilius Iucundus see Figures 36.11a–b. Reproductions of his portrait and strongbox are on display at the University of Illinois Spurlock Museum: http://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/vtour/ancientmed/banker.html. For color lithographs of a few of Caecilius Iucundus’ tablets from Emile Presuhn, Pompei: Les derniers fouilles de 1874 à 1878, see: http://antiqueprints.com/images/ab/d5776e.JPG and http://antiqueprints.com/images/ab/d5776f.JPG. Selected translations: Cooley Sourcebook H69-82. For comparison with writing tablets found at Vindolanda fort along Hadrian’s Wall in Britain see these companion sites: http://vto2.classics.ox.ac.uk and http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/, and for tablets elsewhere in the Roman world: http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/tablets/TVI-2-2.shtml. For the Case di Caecilius Iucundus, see the Swedish Pompeii Project: http://www.pompejiprojektet.se/house.php?hid=13&hidnummer=6388183&hrubrik=V 1,26 Casa di Caecilius Iucundus – South House.
- p. 12: For the Murecine tablets of the Sulpicii from Puteoli (in English) see these reports by G. Rowe: http://www.unine.ch/antic/RoweFNSRS.htm [† AMB, 25 Jan 2013]. A picture of one of the tablets is at this page: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/81B4237D7D832A67C1256AEB0029D7CD?OpenDocument [† AMB, 2013-01-25]; summary of the documents (author and source are not specified): http://static.docstoccdn.com/docs/56769428/Judicial-documents-from-the-Murecine-archive. Additional bibliography: Jones, D., The bankers of Puteoli: Finance, trade and industry in the Roman world, Tempus, 2006. See now https://sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/neighbouring-area/murecine/: a picture and a short note about two-thirds down the page [AMB, 25 Jan 2013].
- p. 12: For the volcanic environment see Chapter 4. For town planning see Chapters 5, 7, 9–11.
- p. 12: Primary sources for Hannibal’s attack on Nuceria in 216 BC: http://www.attalus.org/bc3/year216.html: about two-thirds down the page, no. 39, with references to several sources, including Livy, Ab Vrbe Condita, 23, 15, in English: http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Livy/Livy23.html#livy.hist.23.15; A terracotta elephant carrying a tower was found at VI.15.5, House of M. Pupius Rufus, in Pompeii, perhaps a memento of that conflict. http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=124845. [† AMB, 2013-01-25]. See http://www.pompeiiinpictures.org/ Follow the links to VI.15.5 and then to Part 6, picture 6, which has further references: it is now in Naples Archaeological Museum, inventory number 124845.
- p. 13: For houses built over the city walls see Chapter 26. For construction materials and techniques and arguments about chronology see Chapters 7, 8 (incl. Appendix), 18, 24. For public architecture see Chapters 6, 9, 12–16; for private architecture see Chapters 17–18, 23–30. For architectural decoration see Chapters 20–22. For instrumentum domesticum see Chapter 19.
- p. 14: For the development of stratigraphic excavations see Chapters 3, 39; for an example of one see Chapter 25. For skeletal studies see Chapter 38. For the natural environment see Chapter 31; for the economy see Chapters 29, 32.
- p. 14: For Pliny the Elder on Pompeian wine, HN 14.70: In Latin: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/14*.html; in Latin and English: Rackham, H., translator, 1945. Pliny. Natural History, Volume IV: Books 12–16. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library; in English: Healey, John F., translator, 1991. Pliny the Elder, Natural History: A Selection. London, Penguin Books (also eBook, 2004).
- p. 14: Etruscan bucchero: http://www.smu.edu/poggio/bucchero_gregwarden.html; Etruscan language: http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/worlds_intertwined/etruscan/language.shtml[† AMB, 2013-01-25] Wikipedia has what seems to be a thorough, if rather technical, article at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_language.
- p. 15: For early Pompeii and its sanctuaries see Chapters 5–6.
- p. 15: For Hieron I of Syracuse defeating the Etruscans at Cumae (off the northwest corner of the Bay of Naples: mapped here: http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/432808) in 474 BC, Diodorus Siculus, 11.51.1: in Greek and English: Oldfather, C. H., translator, 1946. Library of History, Volume IV: Books 9-12.40. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English: http://books.google.com/books?id=agd-eLVNRMMC&printsec=titlepage#PRA2-PA401,M1 (p. 401). The victory poem of Pindar, Pythian 1, in Greek: http://udallasclassics.org/maurer_files/Pindar1.htm. Inscribed Etruscan helmet dedicated by Hieron at Olympia from that battle: description and image: http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/b/bronze_helmet_with_an_inscript.aspx with translation of the inscription.
- p. 15: For the Samnites: in Italian: http://www.sanniti.info/. Map of Samnium: http://awmc.unc.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/2-3_Samnium.pdf
- p. 15: The terminology of socius: see the entry for socii in Smith, William, ed., 1870. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London, for Murray. http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/1057.html.
- p. 15: The Social Wars: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_%2891–88_BC%29. See also this map: http://awmc.unc.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/5-2_Social_War.pdf
- pp. 15–16: Lucius Cornelius Sulla: http://www.the-romans.co.uk/timelines/sulla.htm. Plutarch, Life of Sulla, in Greek and English: Perrin, Bernadotte, 1916. Plutarch Lives, Volume IV: Alcibiades and Coriolanus. Lysander and Sulla. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library. In English: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Sulla*.html; Publius Cornelius Sulla: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Sulla.
- p. 16: Map of Sullan colonies in Italy: http://awmc.unc.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/6-1_Sulla’s_Veteran_Settlements_in_Italy.pdf
- p. 16: For changes to the townscape in the Roman colonial period at Pompeii see Chapters 9–10, 12–15, 26.
- p. 16: Photo of the Valgus inscription (CIL X, 852): http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2346/2476151834_3fdbb5663d_z.jpg; no relevant inscription in CIL image record at Arachne: http://arachne.uni-koeln.de/item/marbilder/4495875]. For mention of a Valgus in Cicero, Leg. Agr. 3.3 in Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/legagr3.shtml. In Latin and English: Freese, J. H., 1930. Cicero. Orations. Pro Quinctio. Pro Roscio Amerino. Pro Roscio Comoedo. On the Agrarian Law. Harvard U. P., Loeb Classical Library.
- p. 16: For Augustus Caesar see article by G. Fagan (Pennsylvania State University) for De Imperatoribus Romanis: http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm; J. P. Adam’s list of links and primary sources at California State University at Northridge, http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/histlink.html#Augustus. The Res Gestae Divi Augusti (trilingual), http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Augustus/Res_Gestae/home.html
- p. 17: For the inscription of M. Tullius (CIL X, 820): http://www.noctes-gallicanae.fr/Pompeii/inscriptions_peintes.htm (scroll about a third of the way down; see also there 821, 822 and IV 7119, all concerning M. Tullius; translations and commentary in French).
- p. 17: For Nero: http://www.roman-emperors.org/nero.htm; for Agrippina the Younger (his mother): http://www.roman-emperors.org/aggieii.htm; the period of their “concord” is between AD 54–55, when both appear on imperial coinage: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/indexcoins_hunterian.html. Her influence is then supplanted, and Nero has her killed in AD 59.
- p. 17: For the Eumachia Edifice: From the Pompeii Forum Project, an interactive map with photographs, http://pompeii.virginia.edu/eummap.html [† AMB, 02 Feb 2013]; discussion, photographs of the two inscriptions: http://www.cnr.edu/home/araia/Eumachia.html; also a slide show by Kathryn Welch, U. of Sydney, including photos, inscriptions, and English translations: http://groundlings.wikispaces.com/file/view/slide+show+euchmachia.pdf; Cooley Sourcebook E41-47.
- p. 17: For the Ara Pietatis in Rome: Lantern slides of the “three poets” relief, http://www.brynmawr.edu/Admins/DMVRC/lanterns/romealtar.html; for Mario Torelli’s hypothetical reconstruction of the arrangement of reliefs, see his Typology and Structure of Roman Historical Reliefs.
- p.17: For Livia see: http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/livia.html and http://www.roman-emperors.org/livia.htm; for the Porticus Liviae: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Porticus_Liviae.html (description and references from Platner and Ashby’s Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome; the building is not extant).
- p. 18: The Serino aqueduct that led to Misenum, where water was stored in the Piscina Mirabilis and other reservoirs: the aqueduct, with maps of its course and the inscription mentioning Augustus, http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/serino/index.html
- p. 18: The Roman naval base at Misenum: The base and its water sources (heavily illustrated, in Italian), http://digilander.libero.it/agenziagiornalisti/feedback.htm. See also: https://quemdixerechaos.com/2012/12/12/translatingplinypt5/.
- p. 18: The riot in AD 59 between Pompeians and Nucerians (Tacitus, Ann. 14.17): see above, p. 10.
- p. 18: The earthquake of AD 62: see above, p. 9.
- p. 18: For an assessment of the effect of reconstruction from the AD 62 earthquake (and perhaps subsequent tremors) on life throughout the town, as well as cutting-edge documentation and analysis tools see Michael Anderson’s work (San Francisco State University), e.g.: http://idrh.ku.edu/sites/idrh.drupal.ku.edu/files/files/djw2011/DKW2011-Session_4-Anderson.pdf.
- p. 18: Comparative historical earthquakes: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php; the 1908 Messina quake (illustrated): http://www.grifasi-sicilia.com/messina_terremoto_1908_gbr.html; the 1755 Lisbon quake (illustrated): http://nisee.berkeley.edu/lisbon/
- p. 18: The earthquake in Naples in AD 64 and Nero’s visit (Tacitus, Ann. 15.34): http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+15.34 (English; Latin also available).
- p. 19: For Nero and Poppaea’s visit to the Bay of Naples see also Suetonius, Nero 20: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Nero*.html (in Latin; click on the flags at top for other languages); for coins from the University of Saskatchewan showing Nero and his wife Poppaea (AD 62-65) see (MFA in Boston; many clearer images appear on the pages of coin dealers): http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/coin-of-smyrna-with-busts-of-nero-and-poppaea-struck-under-hermogenes-and-clarus-259968.
- p. 19: For the inscription (CIL X, 1018) at the Porta Ercolano of T. Suedius Clemens citing rei publicae Pompeianorum: http://arachne.uni-koeln.de/arachne/index.php?view[layout]=buchseite_item&search[constraints][buchseite][PS_BuchseiteID]=717020&view[section]=uebersicht&view[page]=0 [on p. 274 of Arachne’s on-line scan]. For other inscriptions of T. Suedius Clemens commemorating clearance of the pomerium at Pompeii: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Gates/Gate%20Vesuvio%20p2.htm (at the Porta Vesuvio); http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Tombs/tombs%20noccippus.htm (at the Porta Nocera).
- pp. 19–20: For Pliny’s letters on the AD 79 eruption see above, p. 9.
- p. 20: Plutarch’s comment on the devastated landscape of Pompeii after the eruption (Moralia 398E): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/misctracts/plutarchVerses.html#b1 (referring to “recent troubles at Cumae…”).
Ch. 3: Rediscovery and resurrection P. W. Foss
- p.29: For Goethe, and his visits to the area in 1787, see the German text of Italianische Reise (1829) at: http://www.textlog.de/7197.html; in English, see this excerpt: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/goethe2.html
- p.29: For the royal gunpowder works at Torre Annunziata, which began in 1652 and continued until 1901, see (in Italian) the Museum at the site: http://sit.provincia.napoli.it/museodiffuso/mdb2View.asp?key=4150; there is also a short paragraph on the site for the European Route of Industrial Heritage (in English): http://en.erih.net/index.php?pageId=109&anchor=500&filter=
- p.29: The House of the Ducs D’Elbeuf: http://vial.jean.free.fr/new_npi/revues_npi/14_2000/npi_1400/14_lorr_elb_genea1.htm
- p.29: The circular shaft of the well that first reached the Herculaneum theater is shown at the center of Bellicard’s plan of the theater (1754): http://www.athenapub.com/Herc012x.GIF; see also http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p82.htm for small restored views of a plan and a section. To take a virtual QuickTime 360-degree underground tour of the theater through the Bourbon tunnels, click on the Theatre hotspots in the upper left hand corner of the map here: http://www.proxima-veritati.auckland.ac.nz/ProjectB/Pages/FramePage.html. Note also M. Pagano and A. Balasco, Il teatro antico di Ercolano, Naples, 2000.
- p.29: Most of the sculptures from the scene building of the theater at Herculaneum are in the Naples Museum: xxxxxxxxx. However, three reside in the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Albertinum, inv. Herrmann nos 326-8 (one Large and two Small Herculaneum Women types), gifts of the Duc d’Elbeuf to his cousin Prince Eugene of Savoy in Vienna, where he had begun to build a villa in 1714 (the “Belvedere”). After Eugene’s death in 1736, the statues were bequeathed to Augustus III of Saxony and Poland, whose court was in Dresden. Augustus had married the Austrian Maria Josepha in 1719; the fourth of their fifteen children was Maria Amalia Christina, who married the Bourbon King Charles VII (see below) in 1738 (she was 14). She must have remembered the statues when she found herself at Portici; she became a patroness of the excavations to come. For photos and discussion of the statues, see the current exhibition at the Getty Villa: http://www.getty.edu/art/installation_highlights/herculaneum_women.html. For a discussion (in German) and photos of all three, see: http://www.thomasgransow.de/Neapel/Golf/Ercolano.html.For a comprehensive discussion of these famous statues, see Jens Daehner, Kordelia Knoll, Christiane Vorster, and Mortiz Waelk. The Herculaneum Women: History, Context, Identities, Los Angeles, 2007.
- p.29: The Bourbon King Charles VII of the Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies, later Charles III of Spain, married to Maria Amalia Christina of Saxony (see above): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain; http://www.realcasadiborbone.it/uk/archiviostorico/cs_04.htm (be wary of their objectivity). His famous portrait by Camillo Paderni (see below) can be seen in a slightly blurry version here: http://www.artnet.com/Artists/LotDetailPage.aspx?lot_id=4AB762987B4A2A8F.
- p.29: Charles’ summer palace at Portici, begun in 1738: http://www.realcasadiborbone.it/uk/archiviostorico/portici.htm; for visitors: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/vesuvillas.html. See also the palace at Caserta: http://www.culturacampania.rai.it/site/en-GB/Cultural_Heritage/Museums/Scheda/caserta_reggia.html?link=percorsi.
- p.29: Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocque_Joaquín_de_Alcubierre (in German); http://goya.unizar.es/infogoya/Aragon/Alcubierre.html (in Spanish).
- p.29: Pockets of lethal vapors trapped within volcanic deposits are called ‘mofeta’ or ‘mufeta’ in Neapolitan Italian (and in the early excavation accounts); the term means ‘skunk’ in Spanish (cf. also ‘mofette’ or ‘mofetta’). A related term, ‘fumarole’, usually refers to open vents connected to the larger geothermic system. See: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/fumarole.html; http://www.ov.ingv.it/inglese/vesuvio/geochimica/generalita.htm.
- p.30: For the paintings from the “Basilica” at Herculaneum: http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_en/mann/it1/07_21.html; Hercules and Telephus: http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/roman/pom15.html; Engraved versions from : http://www.picure.l.u-http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0028.html (Theseus); http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0033.html (Hercules and Telephus); http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0042.html (Chiron and Achilles); http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0045.html (Marsyas).
- p.30: For the father-and-son equestrian statues of the Nonii Balbi flanking the entrance of the “Basilica” and now in the Naples Museum: xxxxxxxxx. For epigraphic dedications of M. Nonius Balbus: http://www.noctes-gallicanae.org/Epigraphie/ev_herculanum.htm.
- p.30: For the carbonized scrolls found in the Villa of the Papyri: http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/papyri.html (links to bibliography, facsimiles, tools to search the papyrus texts, etc. from the Friends of Herculaneum Society); http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/classics/philodemus/philhome.htm (The Philodemus Project); For an ongoing project using multispectral imaging to digitize and better read the scrolls: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3318/04-ask.html. See also this review of D. Sider’s book on the library: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2006/2006-01-41.html.
- p.30: For Karl Jakob Weber: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1996/96.12.10.html.
- p.30: For a good look at Karl Weber’s 1756 color plan of the Villa of the Papyri, see: http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p84.htm, and choose ‘View Enlarged’. For sculptures found in the Villa, see: http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Herculaneum/sculpture.html
- p.30: The Royal Academy (Regale Accademia Ercolanese di Archeologia): http://notes9.senato.it/accademie.nsf/Enti/31DEBE1C37F3225541256A11003FCF87?OpenDocument (in Italian); Its publication series Le Antichità di Ercolano Esposte is available in digital form at: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/; see also its introductory essay: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/ses/ses_e.html
- p.30: For a summary of the history of excavations at Pompeii: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/86CEFC47EC002C16C1256AB6003247E1?OpenDocument.
- p.31: Barbary piracy and slavery on the high seas from the 17th to early 19th c., played by both the European and North African states: http://www.giunta-storica-nazionale.it/ricci.htm; http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/white_slaves_01.shtml; http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/hl940.cfm;
- p.31: Camillo Paderni: http://www.atelierdesarts.com/paderni/16.htm (in Italian), and http://www.atelierdesarts.com/paderni/origini-documenti/camilluspaderni.htm (engravings for Le pitture antiche d’Ercolano e contorni); Note this recent book: M. Forcellino, Camillo Paderni Romano e l’immagine storica degli scavi di Pompei, Ercolano e Stabia, Rome, 1999.
- p.31: For the inscription (CIL X, 1018) at the Porta Ercolano of T. Suedius Clemens citing rei publicae Pompeianorum: xxxxxxxxx. For other copies of the same notice outside the city, see also above, p.19.
- p.31: Johann Joachim Winckelmann: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann; http://www.lehrer.uni-karlsruhe.de/~za874/homepage/winckelmann.htm (in German); his portrait by Mengs: http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/m/p-mengs1.htm; his museum: http://www.winckelmann-gesellschaft.de/ (in German); his two letters about Pompeii and Herculaneum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.31: Augustus III, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland: http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/r/rotari/1king.html; he had inherited the three Herculaneum Women statues from the Theater (see above, p. 29) probably due to his marriage to Maria Josepha of Austria, whose father, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I, had as his general Prince Eugene of Savoy (see above, p.29).
- p.31: The la Vega brothers: Note this book: M. Pagano, I diari di scavo di Pompeii, Ercolano, e Stabiae di Francesco e Pietro la Vega (1764-1810), Rome, 1997.
- p.31: The history of the Naples Museum (the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli): http://www.marketplace.it/museo.nazionale/emuseo_home.htm (English); http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_it/mann/home.html, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/ (in Italian); for the move of artifacts from Portici to Naples, see Piranesi and Desprez’ engraving: xxxxxxxxx.
- p.31: A gallery of images of the 18th-c. eruptions of Mt Vesuvius (3 parts): http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIa.html, http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIb.html and http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIc.html; 17th-c. eruptions: http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVII.html. At the same site, there are also 4 parts documenting the 19th-c. eruptions, and 2 parts documenting the 20th-c. eruptions (follow the ‘next’ arrows at the bottom of each page). See also a sketchbook on the 1794 eruption at: http://www.vesuvioweb.com/new/article.php3?id_article=33 (click on the picture to access the PDF), and this essay on the American volcanologist Frank Perret: http://www.vesuvius.tomgidwitz.com/html/the_hero_of_vesuvius.html and Vesuvius’ activity in the late 19th – early 20th c.
- p.31: The Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of the Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies, son of Charles VII: http://www.realcasadiborbone.it/uk/archiviostorico/cs_05.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies, which provide rather different viewpoints, neither of which, to this inexpert eye, seem objective.
- pp.31-2: Sir William Hamilton, and his wife Emma (who was mistress to Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson): http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/romneyg/emmawilliam.asp; http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/herculaneumarchaeology/Suppl1/Knight.html; Hamilton’s Campi Phlegraei (1776): http://www.nsula.edu/campaniafelix/Engravings/Fabris/fabris1.htm.
- pp.31-2: Napoleon Bonaparte and his Italian campaigns: http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/timelines/files/chrono_second_italian_campaign.asp (a timeline); http://www.pbs.org/empires/napoleon/n_war/campaign/page_1.html (narrative).
- p.32: Pompeian style in 18-19th c. Europe: Réveillon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Réveillon; http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/tpsd/wallpaper/sec2.htm – see esp. Figs. 14-16); Wedgwood and Bentley (http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/wedgwood/earlyyears.asp; http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe/p/portrait_plaque_of_sir_william.aspx – portrait of Sir William Hamilton, see above). For a 2007 conference at the University of Bristol on the role of Pompeii in the popular imagination of 19-20th c. western culture: http://www.bris.ac.uk/arts/birtha/conferences/pompeii/.
- p.32: Caroline Bonaparte and Joachim Murat: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte; http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/marshals/c_murat.html; http://en.museonapoleonico.it/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/sala_vii_il_regno_di_napoli. For their involvement, along with Joseph Bonaparte’s, in the excavations, see: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/mazois/kaidai/eng.html.
- p.32: The Battle of Waterloo: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/battle_waterloo_01.shtml.
- p.32: The Grand Tour: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grtr/hd_grtr.htm; http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/grand_tour/index.html.
- p.32: One method to display the site to European audiences was the “panorama”, developed at the end of the 18th c., a series of scenes drawn in a 360-degree turn from a central pivot (analagous to QuickTime Virtual Reality clips today). Panoramas of Pompeii were exhibited in the 1820s in Europe; two are published in V. Kockel, PompeiPompeji360°. I due Panorami di Carl Georg Enslen del 1826 / Die beiden Panoramen Carl Georg Enslens aus dem Jahr 1826, Milan, 2006.
- p.33: Sir William Gell’s Pompeiana (1832 edn) is available in digital form here: http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/gell/Sommaire.html
- p.33: Charles François Mazois’ Les ruines de Pompéi is available in digital form here: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/mazois/index.html
- p.33: For the Niccolini family, a review of a recent published selection of their work, called Houses and Monuments of Pompeii: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2003/2003-07-05.html. A limited reprint (1499 copies) of the original four volumes has recently been issued by Franco di Mauro: http://www.libreriauniversitaria.it/BIT/8887365369/Le_case_ed_i_monumenti_di_Pompei__Disegnati_e_descritti_(rist__anast__1854-1896)__Ediz__numerata.htm.
- p.33 (n.32): Ernest Breton’s Pompeia is available in digital form here: http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/pompeia/index.html; and the Baedeker Guide to South Italy, 11th ed, 1896, including much on Vesuvius and Pompeii, here: http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/baedeker/pompei.html
- p.33: The House of the Tragic Poet (VI.8.5): http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/modules/cx254/pompeianhouses/tragicpoet/; http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R6/6%2008%2005.htm (photos and painting); small photos of a model of the house can be seen here: http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/house_sources.html; see also Ch. 8 in Gell’s Pompeiana (see above): http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/gell/Chapter_8.html; the house was used as the setting for Glaucus’ house in Bulwer-Lytton’s Last Days of Pompeii (see below): http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/bulwer/pompeii/photos/2.html;
- p.33: Giovanni Pacini’s L’Ultimo giorno di Pompei: http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/8917/Pacini.html; the music for a well-received revival of the opera can be acquired here: http://www.amazon.com/Pacini-Lultimo-Giménez-Bonfatti-Carella/dp/B0000044KF; the libretto (the text) can be found here (in Italian, of course): http://www.librettidopera.it/ulgiopo/ulgiopo.html.
- p.33: View Karl Bryullov’s Last Days of Pompeii (1828) here: http://www.wga.hu/art/b/bryulov/pompei.jpg;
- p.33: Sumner Lincoln Fairfax’s The Last Night of Pompeii (1832) can be read here (in various formats): http://www.archive.org/details/poeticalsumner00fairrich.
- p.33: Edward Bulwer Lytton’s The Last Days of Pompeii (1834): can be read here: http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1565; extensive essays here (be patient with the navigation): http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/bulwer/pompeii/index.html. The book inspired a sculpture of the blind heroine Nydia, done by American sculptor Randolph Rogers in the 1850s; many copies are extant, e.g.: http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/collection_database/Nydia_the_Blind_Flower_Girl_of_Pompeii_Randolph_Rogers/ViewObject.aspx?depNm=american_paintings_and_sculpture&pID=-1&kWd=nydia&OID=20012315&vW=-1&Pg=1&St=0&StOd=1&vT=1
- p.34: Théophile Gautier’s Arria Marcella (1852) is available here (in French): http://www.mediterranees.net/romans/gautier/arria.html; see also S. Colby, “The Literary Archaeologies of Théophile Gautier”: http://clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb06-2/colby06.html
- p.34: Wilhelm Jensen’s Gradiva (1904), the text (in German): http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/jensen/gradiva/gradiva.htm; about Jensen, (in English, with a picture of the relief which is central to the narrative): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradiva; (in German): http://www.lesekost.de/deutsch/jensen/HHL279.htm. See also B. Bergmann, “Seeing Women in the Villa of the Mysteries: A Modern Excavation of the Dionysiac Murals,” in V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, pp. 251-3.
- p.34: Cinematic versions of Bulwer-Lytton’s Last Days of Pompeii (several are available on DVD, e.g. the 1913 and 1935 versions): http://www.imdb.com/find?s=all&q=last+days+of+pompeii;
- p.34: Giuseppe Fiorelli (a photograph): http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immagine:Giuseppe_Fiorelli.jpg.
- p.34: For plaster casts of eruption victims: http://www2.brevard.edu/reynoljh/italy/corpsecasts.htm. The casts feature heavily in the recent Field Museum exhibition: http://www.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/; reviewed here by Smithsonian Magazine: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/pompeii.html.
- p.34: The late 19th-c. and early 20th-c. soprintendenti of Pompeii (Ruggiero, DePetra, Pais, Sogliano) are included in this French essay by R. Étienne: http://www.clio.fr/BIBLIOTHEQUE/la_decouverte_de_pompei.asp.
- p.34: The writing tablets of Caecilius Iucundus: xxxxxxxxx; see also Welch, Ch. 36, pp. 568-72, and Cooley Sourcebook H69-82.
- p.34: The House of the Vettii (VI.15.1). For a plan, description, discussion and database of artifacts: http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/house?id=18; there are also photos here: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R6/6%2015%2001%20plan%202.htm; excellent photos of the house from its excavation to its reconstruction (in German): http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/galerie_html/vesuv/vesuv_7.html. A CD-ROM reconstruction of the house has been assembled; see: http://www.utexas.edu/academic/cit/gallery/utprofiles/campus/vettii/index.html.
- p.34: August Mau: http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/klmno/mau_august.html
- p.34: The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL): http://cil.bbaw.de/cil_en/index_en.html; for the published versions: http://www.degruyter.com/cont/fb/at/atCilEn.cfm
- p.35: For Helbig, Nissen and Overbeck (in German): http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Helbig; http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Nissen; http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Adolph_Overbeck.
- p.35: Mau and Kelsey’s Pompeii: Its Life and Art is now available online, with PDFs of each chapter, scanned from the 1907 revised edition: http://academic.depauw.edu/~pfoss/Mau/maukelsey.html.
- p.35: Four frescoes from Boscoreale and Boscotrecase in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, can be seen here, amongst select items from the new Greek and Roman galleries: http://www.metmuseum.org/special/greek_roman/images.asp; also see this essay: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cubi/hd_cubi.htm. An apologia by the De Prisco family about the discovery and diffusion of artifacts from P.F. Synistor and Pisanella villas at Boscoreale is here (mostly in Italian): http://www.deprisco.it/pages/tesoroindex.htm. The silver treasure from the Pisanella villa (the Trésor de Boscoreale) is displayed in the Louvre, vitrine centrale 4 in Salle 33 of the Salle Henri II of the Sully wing, premier étage: http://cartelen.louvre.fr/cartelen/visite?srv=sal_frame&idSalle=189, courtesy of an 1895 donation by the Baron Edmond James de Rothschild.
- p.35: The Boston Museum of Fine Arts collection can be searched for such terms as ‘Pompeii’ and ‘Boscoreale’: http://www.mfa.org/collections/search_art.asp.
- p.35: The J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu and the “Getty Villa”: http://www.getty.edu/visit/.
- p.35: Vittorio Spinazzola is featured in this current project to re-document the street frontages of the via dell’Abbondanza: http://www.pompeiiperspectives.org/.
- p.35: Other cited archaeologists of the late 19th and early 20th c.: Heinrich Schliemann (the German house-museum commemorating him: http://www.schliemann-museum.de/; his digitized publications can be found here: http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/helios/fachinfo/www/arch/digilit/schliemann.html. See also reviews of D. Traill’s books: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1996/96.03.09.html; http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.03.01.html); Wilhelm Dörpfeld (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Dörpfeld); Sir Arthur Evans (http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/evansa.htm; his archives are contained in the Ashmolean: http://www.ashmolean.org/departments/antiquities/research/research/); Flinders Petrie (http://www.pef.org.uk/Pages/People/Petrie.htm; http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/william_flanders_petrie.php); Howard Carter (http://griffith.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/gri/4hcart.html; the diary of his first season of excavating Tut’s tomb: http://griffith.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/gri/4sea1not.html).
- p.35: Charles Waldstein (aka Sir Charles Walston), would-be excavator of Herculaneum: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Waldstein_%28archaeologist%29; his collected papers are at King’s College Cambridge: http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FMisc.%2044.
- p.35: The rise of Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism: http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/WW2Timeline/Prelude05.html; http://www.casahistoria.net/Fascism.html.
- pp.35-6: Amedeo Maiuri, the major 20th-c. excavator of Pompeii, Herculaneum etc.: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/24E6358DF577A586C1256AC0002B05AA?OpenDocument. Much re-evaluation of Mairui’s work has been done in the last 20 years; for example, in the House of the Surgeon (VI.1.10), see: http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/pompeii/journals.html (see also Jones and Robinson, Ch. 25), and for the House of the Menander (I.10.4): http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/house?id=9.
- p.36: The Villa of the Mysteries: For the sake of reference: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/plan%20villa%20mysteries.htm; a Kelsey Museum exhibit at the University of Michigan: http://www.umich.edu/~kelseydb/Exhibits/Villa/Title.html. The villa has been modelled in virtual reality at UCLA: http://www.cvrlab.org/projects/real_time/villa_mysteries/villa_mysteries.html. See R.A.S. Seaford’s essay on the megalographic frieze in oecus (5): http://www.stoa.org/diotima/essays/seaford.shtml (most of its links are broken, but refer for illustrations here: http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/rome/empire/vm/villaofthemysteries.html, or pages 1-2 of: http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/); for a full drawing of that frieze and photographic details: http://www.learn.columbia.edu/roman/htm/kampen_frame3.htm. See also these two articles: E.K. Gazda, “Replicating Roman Murals in Pompeii: Archaeology, Art, and Politics in Italy of the 1920s,” and B. Bergmann, “Seeing Women in the Villa of the Mysteries: A Modern Excavation of the Dionysiac Murals,” in V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, pp. 206-29 and 230-69.
- p.36: The House of the Menander: http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/house?id=9;
- p.36: The Allied bombing of Pompeii during World War II, sources cited in n.52: http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/pompeii/field/10.html; see also this note in Time magazine from 21 February, 1944: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774789-1,00.html.
- p.36: The Temple of Dionysos at S. Abbondio: Cooley Sourcebook A15-17.
- p.36: The “Cassa per il Mezzogiorno”: http://216.25.45.103/book/Series04/IV-2/chapter_iii.htm;
- p.36: The House of C. Julius Polybius (IX.13.1): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2013%2001.htm;
- p.36: The Villa “of Poppaea” at Oplontis: http://www.indiana.edu/~leach/c409/oplan.html (clickable plan with images); http://www.servius.org/Oplontis/ (dozens of fine photos); http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/DAD8A554C8DAB05FC1256AD40044B2A2?OpenDocument (History of Excavations at Oplontis).
- p.36: The earthquake of 1980. Its intensity and effects are discussed in this document: http://www.iath.virginia.edu/struct/pompeii/patterns/sec-02.html; see also: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/b4604a8b566ce010c125684d00471e00/c672b4c0066dc2cac1256ac0002b5ec7!OpenDocument
- p.36: The Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompeii: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/; a 1998 International Herald Tribune article on plans to deal with the decay of the site: http://www.iht.com/articles/1998/04/18/spomp.t.php. P. G. Guzzo’s statement on site management to the Council of Europe (9 October 2002): http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/archaeology/Statementguzzo.asp.
- p.36: World Monuments Fund list of 100 most endangered sites: http://www.worldmonumentswatch.org/; corrigendum: Pompeii was on the list in 1996, 1998, and 2000.
- p.36-37: A new article regarding investigation of the unexcavated sections of Pompeii: Di Fiore, B. and D. Chianese. “Electric and Magnetic tomographic approach for the geophysical investigation of an unexplored area in the archaeological site of Pompeii (Southern Italy).” Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008): 14-25.
- p.37: To arrange a visit to the re-opened portions of the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum: http://www.arethusa.net/w2d3/v3/view/flecta/arethusa/italiano/prenotazioni/contenuto.html?area=ercolano&struttura=VP (though as of July 2007, it is closed for restoration work). See also the Friends of Herculaneum Society for updates and information: http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/. For a group dedicated to the protection of the site, see the Herculaneum Conservation Society (several members disagreed with the partial disinternment of the Villa of the Papyri): http://www.bsrome.it/herculaneum/.
- p.37: For two new books on rediscovery, see V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, reviewed already here: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2007/2007-06-48.html, and J. Harris: Pompeii Awakened: A Story of Discovery, New York, 2007.
- p.38: Pompeii (the motion picture based on Robert Harris’ novel; it is currently scheduled for release in 2009): http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0958865/. Reviews of Harris’ novel are collected here: http://www.complete-review.com/reviews/harrisr/pompeii.htm. As part of the diverse and continuing role of the site, mention should also be made of the documentary/concert film: Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii (1972): http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069090/. Finally, Pompeii has featured (albeit loosely and whimsically) in the fourth season of the new Dr. Who TV series, in the episode “The Fires of Pompeii”: http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/episodes/S4_02.
Ch. 4: The environmental and geomorphological context H. Sigurdsson
- p.43: Coastline changes to the Bay of Naples by the AD 79 eruption: mentioned in Tacitus Annals 4.67: Cooley Sourcebook C25; http://hi.com.au/ancient/pdf/HAMHPompeii.pdf p.2
- p.43: The Roman Comagmatic Province: http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004/2003TC001600.shtml
- p.43: Map of volcanic Italy: http://www.dst.unina.it/vulcani/regione01/italia.html
- p.44: Mt Somma: http://www.springerlink.com/content/qrj90y8lyd2kq52a/
- p.44: Early eruptions: Codola (xxxxxxxxx); Sarno (xxxxxxxxx); Basal (xxxxxxxxx)
- p.44: The Avellino (Bronze-Age) eruption of Mt Vesuvius: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1450177; evidence at Terzigno: http://www.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/terzigno.asp
- p.44 (n.3): Mastrolorenzo et al.’s article on Avellino eruption can be accessed in PDF form here: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0508697103v1?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=pompeii&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT
- p.46: Eruptions between Avellino and the AD 79 event (Rosi and Santacroce A-H): xxxxxxxxx
- p.46: A gallery of images of the 17th-c. eruptions of Mt Vesuvius starting in 1631: http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVII.html; 18th-c. eruptions (3 parts, starting here): http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIa.html; 19th-c. eruptions (4 parts, starting here): ; , and 20th-c. eruptions up to the 1944 event (2 parts, starting here; follow the ‘next’ arrows at the bottom of each page):
- p.46: For Eschebach’s test pits down to pre-Roman eruption material, see his entry in the bibliography on p.61.
- p.47: Plutarch’s passages in Greek concerning Spartacus in the area of Vesuvius (Crassus 9.1-3 etc.): http://www.livius.org/so-st/spartacus/spartacus_t01.html ; For more on evidence for the life of Spartacus: http://www.livius.org/so-st/spartacus/spartacus.html
- pp.47-8: Strabo’s description of Vesuvius (5.4.8): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/5D*.html
- p.48: Dio Cassius’ description of Vesuvius (66.21.1): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html
- p.48: For a color photograph of the lararium painting presumably featuring Vesuvius from the House of the Centenary (IX.8.3; Figure 4.2): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=112286
- p.49: Ancient two-peaked images (perhaps of Vesuvius) from Herculaneum: xxxxxxxxx; modern view of Vesuvius from Naples showing ‘two peaks’: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9628/9628-h/p1.htm#02
- p.49: Pliny the Elder’s descriptions of Roman painting (whose subjects, themes and compositions are represented in the ruins), HN 35: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137&layout=&loc=35 (English) http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/35*.html (Latin)
- p.49: Seneca’s references to earthquakes: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sen/sen.qn6.shtml (Latin), and Cooley Sourcebook C1; Diodorus Siculus (4.21.5): http://www.theoi.com/Text/DiodorusSiculus4B.html; Vitruvius (2.6.1-2): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/2*.html (English) http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/2*.html (Latin)
- p.49: Pre-eruption symptoms of volcanoes: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/About/What/Erupt/WhenErupt.html
- pp.49-50: Sources on the earthquake of AD 62; Seneca, QNat 6.1.1-3 and 6.26.3-27.1, in Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sen/sen.qn6.shtml; in English: http://www.ancienthistoryhelper.com.au/pompeii/tasks/seneca.htm.Tacitus, Ann. 15.22, in Latin and English: http://www.geocities.com/ckieffe/Annales15Main.html.
- p.50: For an assessment of the effect of reconstruction from the AD 62 earthquake (and perhaps subsequent tremors) on life throughout the town, see Michael Anderson’s work, summarized in the 2007 AIA meetings abstract “Disruption or Continuity? The Spatio-Visual Evidence of Post Earthquake Pompeii”: http://www.archaeological.org/webinfo.php?page=10248&searchtype=abstract&ytable=2007&sessionid=3D&paperid=1054
- p.50: For the Mater Deum inscription at Herculaneum (CIL X, 1406): xxxxxxxxx
- p.50: For the famous reliefs of the AD 62 earthquake from the lararium in the atrium of the House of Caecilius Iucundus: (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11.jpg; http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/images/large/6003.jpg; http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11a.jpg); They were stolen in the early 1990s and have not been recovered (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.12.jpg), which is the main reason why few images are available on the Web.
- p.50: On the death of the Emperor Vespasian and the accession of his son Titus: http://www.geocities.com/athens/parthenon/7094/titus2.html
- p.51: For general information on nuées ardentes (pyroclastic flows + surges): http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/hazards.nuee.php
- p.51 (n.9): Luongo et al.’s articles can be accessed in PDF form here: http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/Luongo2JVGR.pdf and: http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/Luongo1JVGR.pdf.
- pp.51-2: Sources on the AD 79 eruption (before, during and after); Pliny’s letters (6.16, 6.20, Latin and English, transl. by Cynthia Damon of Amherst College): http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Destruction.html. Cassius Dio (66.21-24, in English): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html
- p.52: Different kinds of volcanic ejecta (ashfall, pumice, and lithic fragments): http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/volcano_terminology.html
- p.52: A virtual tour of the eruption sequence in the Vesuvian area: http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/excursion.html; Animation of the eruption sequence: http://urban.arch.virginia.edu/struct/pompeii/images/video/dobran-simulation.mpeg
- p.53: Comparandum: the 1982 eruption of El Chichon, Mexico: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/msh//comparisons.html (ejecta and VEI); http://www.swivel.com/data_sets/spreadsheet/1001644 (death toll)
- p.54: Comparandum: The 1980 Mt St Helens, USA eruption: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/msh//comparisons.html (ejecta and VEI); http://www.swivel.com/data_sets/spreadsheet/1001644 (death toll)
- p.54: Lightning accompanying volcanic eruptions: http://www.livescience.com/environment/070222_volcano_lightning.html
- p.55: Strata resulting from the first surge cloud (and others), which overwhelmed Herculaneum, Oplontis, and Villa Regina: http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/gif-ingl/erc2.jpeg (Herculaneum); http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/gifs/oplonti2.gif (Oplontis); http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/gifs/albero.gif (Villa Regina);
- p.55: The rim of Monte Somma that restricted the first surge cloud to the north: http://www.episodes.org/backissues/263/12Santacroce.pdf p.230-231
- p.55: “Gas pipes” that form in a pyroclastic flow: http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Thumblinks/ignimbrite_page.html
- p.55: The villas overwhelmed at Terzigno by the second surge cloud: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/0DFBC367731B961BC1256AC3005AAAE3?OpenDocument Villas 1, 2 and 6; see also http://www.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/terzigno.asp
- p.57: The plaster casts of eruption victims caught on top of the accumulated pumice by the fourth surge: http://www2.brevard.edu/reynoljh/italy/corpsecasts.htm
- pp.57-8: The stratigraphy of the eruption at Stabiae: xxxxxxxxx
- p.59: Comparandum: the 1883 Krakatau, Indonesia eruption: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/msh//comparisons.html (ejecta and VEI); http://www.swivel.com/data_sets/spreadsheet/1001644 (death toll)
- p.59: Definitions for “phreatic” and “phreatomagmatic”: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volclandforms.htm
- p.59: Suetonius, Titus 8.4, on relief measures after the eruption: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html (English); http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#7 (Latin); Cooley Sourcebook C17-18; other accounts concerning refugees: Statius Silvae 3.5.72-5, Cooley Sourcebook C20
- p.59: The references to the eruption in Martial (4.44; mouse over for English translation): http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Herculaneum/Herculaneum.html and Statius: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/statius/silvae3.shtml (Latin)
- p.59: The “Apocalypse of Adam” Gnostic text: http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/adam.html, from the site of Nag’ Hammadi in Egypt: http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/nhl.html
Ch. 5: Recent work on early Pompeii P. Carafa
- p.63: The early Sanctuary of Apollo (cf. also ch. 6): http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Pompeii/Buildings.Temples.htm
- p.63: The first fortifications (cf. also ch.11): http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/1ebbc8d535cd1ac5c1256ac20033ecf4!OpenDocument&Click=
- p.63: The early Doric Temple in the Triangular Forum (cf. also ch. 6): xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: The mythological Labors of Hercules in Italy: Cooley Sourcebook A2-3;
- p.64: The “absolute chronology” of the Trojan War, as suggested either by archaeology or literary sources: xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: The prehistoric chronology of Campania (period names, estimated dates, etc.): xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: For “impasto” pottery: xxxxxxxxx; for 9th-8th c. BC bronze fibulae: xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: The Bottaro (aka S. Abbondio) Bronze-Age necropolis: http://www.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/A5222E69ED8D9A15C1256AC500366727?OpenDocument. Also this recent publication: M.A. Tafuri, Tracing Mobility and Identity. Bioarchaeology and Bone Chemistry of the Bronze Age Sant’Abbondio Cemetery (Pompeii, Italy), British Archaeological Reports no. 1359, 2005.
- p.65: For the reconstruction of a sacred beech wood and votive Etruscan-style pillar in the area of House VI.5.17: xxxxxxxxx
- p.65: Protohistoric cemeteries and villages inland from Pompeii: xxxxxxxxx
- p.65: 8th-6th c. BC coastal emporia in Italy and interaction amongst Italic and eastern Mediterranean peoples: xxxxxxxxx
- p.66: The apparent 5th-early 4th c. BC hiatus at Pompeii: xxxxxxxxx
- p.66: The earliest phase of the Stabian Baths: Cooley Sourcebook D105
- p.67: The ager Picentinus and ancient cities location between there and Rome: xxxxxxxxx
- p.68: 4th-2nd c. BC Italic oppida in central and southern Italy: xxxxxxxxx
Ch. 6: The first sanctuaries S. De Caro
- p.73: The early Sanctuary of Apollo (cf. also ch. 5): xxxxxxxxx
- p.73: For the Altstadt, see also Figs. 7.1, 7.3.
- p.73: For the House of Triptolemus (VII.7.2): http://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R7/7%2007%2005.htm.
- p.73: For Middle Corinthian (ca. 600-570 BC) craters / kraters, see, e.g.: http://www.classics.uga.edu/courses/clas4010/workshops/workshop%203/9332.jpg; http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/art/960/001/students/cdorin/corinthian_ML_revised.htm. Note the imagery of banqueting and battles, respectively.
- p.73: Archaic Greek trade routes: http://www.uoregon.edu/~mapplace/EU/EU05-colonization/GRKcol&trade2.jpg, the basis for this interactive map: http://www.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/interactive/map20.html.
- p.73: The Lapis Niger sacred area in the Roman Forum: http://www.vroma.org/~jruebel/lapis.html; http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/159_Lapis_Niger_and_Vulcanal.html.
- p.73: Etruscan bucchero pottery: http://www.smu.edu/poggio/bucchero_gregwarden.html.
- p.73: Apollo as a patron god of colonization (the famous case of Thera colonizing Cyrene): http://www.perseus.org/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=1999.04.0009&loc=5.9; http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2004/2004-11-36.html.
- p.73: The Greek colony of Cumae: http://www.nsula.edu/campaniafelix/Sites/Cumae/cumae.htm (a few photos and plans); http://www.culturacampania.rai.it/site/en-GB/Cultural_Heritage/Archaelogical_areas_and_Nature_parks/Scheda/cuma_parco_archeologico.html?link=storia.
- p.73: The tradition of Etruscan architectural terracottas: (from the Gregorian Etruscan Vatican Museum): http://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/MGE/MGE_Sala0506.html; (U. Penn Museum): http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/worlds_intertwined/etruscan/architecture.shtml;
- p.73: Etruscan and Greek settlement in southern Latium and Campania (maps from Butler’s Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography, 1907): http://gutenberg.cs.uiuc.edu/1/7/1/2/17124/17124-h/images/italaemedia.jpg and http://gutenberg.cs.uiuc.edu/1/7/1/2/17124/17124-h/images/italaemeridionalis.jpg.
- p.73: The record of a late 6th-c. BC Athenian Black-figure krater from the Sanctuary of Apollo in the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum [http://www.cvaonline.org/] (no photo yet): http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browse.asp?tableName=qryData&newwindow=true&id={CDBD731A-4775-4F8A-9361-BE72A3B54E1C}.
- p.73: The lava spur on part of which the Doric sanctuary in the Triangular Forum was built: see Figure 11.1.
- p.74: The mythological labors of Hercules in Italy: Cooley Sourcebook A2-3
- p.75: The significance of Athena wearing a Phrygian helmet: xxxxxxxxx
- p.76: The Oscan inscription noting the rebuilding of the Temple of Apollo: Cooley Sourcebook A12.
- p.78: The Oscan inscription on the well in the Triangular Forum: Cooley Sourcebook A11.
- p.78: In the Samnite Palaestra (VIII.7.29) was found a copy of the Doryphoros by Polycleitos: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6011. An Oscan inscription that may note its construction can be found in Cooley Sourcebook A9.
- p.78: Read Strabo’s account (Geography 8.6.23) of Mummius’ razing and plunder of Corinth: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Strab.+8.6.23
- p.78: A quick run-down of Apollonian shield devices: http://www.ospreypublishing.com/content4.php/cid=203
- p.79: Salvation in the cult of Isis: xxxxxxxxx
- p.79: Cult of Zeus Meilichios: xxxxxxxxx
- p.80: Cults of Ceres: xxxxxxxxx; Venus Physica: xxxxxxxxx; Greek Malophoros: xxxxxxxxx; Poseidon: xxxxxxxxx
- p.80: Prohibition of the cult of Dionysios-Liber by the enatus consultum de Bacchanalibus: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/scbaccanalibus.html (Latin); http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/sc/sc_bacch_e.html (English)
Ch. 7: The urban development of the pre-Roman city H. Geertman
- p.82: Excavations under Spinazzola and Maiuri (Cf. Ch. 3, p.35): http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/b4604a8b566ce010c125684d00471e00/6c55ad0a1acc8180c1256ac0002ac239!OpenDocument
- p.82: to access Haverfield’s 1913 paper on Town Planning (without illustrations); Chapter V (here on “Page 3”) contains the “Altstadt” reference: http://www.ihaystack.com/authors/h/f_haverfield/00014189_ancient_townplanning/00014189_english_ascii_p001.htm;
- p.83: An explanation of the traditional Roman division of land by limitatio, decumanus and cardo: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Ager.html
- p.84: A very concise comparison of Greek/Hippodamian and Hellenistic urban design: http://arch.ced.berkeley.edu/courses/arch170/past/96fall/960919.html
- p.84: Internal tensions between the indigenous populations of the 6th century BC: xxxxxxxxx
- p.85: Geertman et al.’s project on the urbanistic development of Pompeii: xxxxxxxxx
- p.89: Photo of the widening of via di Nola: http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~jjd5t/cww/1997/ii.02_via_v-2-17_ix-5-11_1.jpg
Ch. 8: Building materials, construction methods, and chronologies J.-P. Adam
- p.98: Pompeii’s minor importance in antiquity: xxxxxxxxx
- p.98: Eras or periods in Pompeian construction methods: xxxxxxxxx
- p.100: Photos of the classical orders in the atria of the House of the Ceii: http://www.indiana.edu/~leach/c409/pompeii/lceiussecundus/atrium.html; House of the Labyrinth: http://www.indiana.edu/~leach/c409/net_id/labyrinth/laby2.html; and House of Obellius Firmus: http://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2014%2004%20p1.htm
- p.100: The use of plaster instead of marble in antiquity: xxxxxxxxx
- p.101: Titus’ consulares Campaniae restituendae appointed in Life of Titus 8.4: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html (English); http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#7 (Latin); Cooley Sourcebook C17-18
- p.101: Post-eruption looting/excavation of valuables: Cooley Sourcebook C17-19, J32
- p.101: Temple of Venus on via Marina: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/r8/8%2001%2003%20p1.htm
- p.101: Mosaic of two-wheeled vehicle from Ostia: http://www.vroma.org/images/bonvallet_images/bonvall78.jpg
- p.106: Vitruvius De arch. 2.8: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/2*.html (English); http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/2*.html#refA (Latin)
- p.107: Sulla’s colony in 80 BC and the Roman colonists’ effect on the building program: http://books.google.com/books?id=k0mZufizhH0C&pg=PA263&dq=sulla%27s+colony+of+veterans+at+pompeii+80+bc&ei=T43oRu2DLIT-6gKXvZTIBQ&sig=78LrjjRt2g24LV93-50zk1RgWZY#PPA263,M1 p.263-264; Cooley Sourcebook 17-26
- p.107: An opus reticulatum wall at Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli: http://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/arthistory/152k/large_pictures/lgB50.htm
- p.107: An example of opus vittatum at Pompeii: http://www.sitesandphotos.com/catalog/actions-show/id-130587.html
- p.109: Opus mixtum on the Porta Ercolano: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Gates/Gate%20Ercolano.htm
- p.110: Arches of the amphitheatre gangways: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R2/2%2006%2000%20p1.htm
- p.112: False vaults in Pompeian houses: xxxxxxxxx; Vitruvius De arch. 7.3 outlining the carpentry of false vaults: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/7*.html (English)
- p.113: An example of a Tuscan atrium in the House of the Tragic Poet: http://wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/italy_except_rome_and_sicily/pompeii/ac880811.html
Ch. 8 Appendix: A note on Roman concrete (opus caementicium) and other wall construction J. J. Dobbins
- p.114: For photos on the different facings for Roman concrete walls: http://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/arthistory/152k/concrete.html
- p.115: Some plaster still remains on the wall facings in Pompeii: http://pompeii.virginia.edu/pompeii/images/b-w/levin/small/levin.html
II. The Community
Ch. 9: Development of Pompeii’s public landscape in the Roman period R. Ling
- p.119: The Social Wars: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_%2891–88_BC%29
- p.119: The development of the street system in Pompeii: Cf. Geertman, Ch. 7.
- p.119: For a description, photos, plans and sections of the Basilica at Pompeii: http://www.vitruvius.be/pompei.htm
- p.119: First-Style plasterwork: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ropt/hd_ropt.htm; example at the House of Sallust: http://www.utexas.edu/courses/italianarch/jpgs/9908020061.jpg
- p.119: Graffiti in the Basilica at Pompeii: http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_en/mann/it07/40.html; Translations: http://www.pompeiana.org/Resources/Ancient/Graffiti%20from%20Pompeii.htm
- p.119: Oscan inscription at the Temple of Apollo: Cooley Sourcebook A12
- p.119: Photos of the Temple of Jupiter at the north end of the Forum: http://wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/italy_except_rome_and_sicily/pompeii/ac880916.html
- p.119: The colonnaded space northwest of the Large Theater (Samnite palaestra): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R8/8%2007%2029.htm.
- p.120: The bronze diploma of a Dalmatian solider who would have received citizenship and the right to marry after more than twenty years of service was found at Herculaneum, but it dates to AD 70; see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=3725.
- p.120: The importance of public baths: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medicine_in_ancient_rome.htm; and an outline of different ancient authors on the use of public baths: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Balneae.html
- p.120: The impact of colonists on Pompeii’s building program (J. Stambaugh, The Ancient Roman City, Baltimore, 1988): http://books.google.com/books?id=k0mZufizhH0C&pg=PA263&dq=colonists+in+pompeii+building+program&ei=_vbtRq_eFI-K7QKEnYmGBg&sig=78LrjjRt2g24LV93-50zk1RgWZY#PPA263,M1 p.263ff; Cooley Sourcebook 17-26
- p.120: The common practice of wealthy individuals funding public building (euergetism): xxxxxxxxx
- p.120: The dedicatory inscription at the covered theatre, CIL X, 844-5: Cooley Sourcebook B9; see http://perso.orange.fr/alain.canu/Pompeii/inscriptions_1.htm. At the amphitheatre, CIL X, 852: Cooley Sourcebook B10; see http://www.kadavy.net/pompeii.jpg
- p.120: An example of wealthy individuals funding games at Pompeii, CIL X, 1074d: Cooley Sourcebook D8.
- p.121: A new project concerned with the Sanctuary and Temple of Venus: http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/venus.
- p.121: The “Comitium”: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/77C3067DF360C363C1256ABF0031C09C?OpenDocument
- p.121: For a virtual tour of the Forum Baths: http://www2.gsu.edu/~artwgg/baths/baths.htm; and a detailed description of them: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Balneae.html
- p.121: Inscriptions regarding the dedication of the Forum Baths, CIL X, 817: Cooley Sourcebook D106; and the modernization of the Stabian Baths, CIL X, 829: Cooley Sourcebook B11
- p.122: Hiatus in the building program at Pompeii before Augustus: xxxxxxxxx
- p.122: Augustus’ ideological program: xxxxxxxxx
- p.122: The Temple of Fortuna Augusta: http://sights.seindal.dk/img/orig/9578.jpg; http://pompeii.virginia.edu/local/pVII_7-9_bal_wj.jpg (near top left corner); http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/FD7AE0314FB03250C1256B3500421A7D?OpenDocument; its designed place within the urban fabric: http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~jjd5t/cww/1997/report2.html; M. Tullius: see also pp. 553-5 and Figs. 36.2a-c (if the statue in question does represent Tullius).
- p.122: CIL X, 787: Cooley Sourcebook E1
- p.122: The inscription recording Mamia’s dedication of the Sanctuary of the Genius of Augustus, CIL X, 816: Cooley Sourcebook E39
- p.123: Altar with Augustan imagery from the Sanctuary of the Genius of Augustus: http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~jjd5t/mike/photo2/agustus.html (click views 120-123 to view all four sides of the altar)
- p.123: For a more detailed description of Pompeii’s urban water supply: http://www.iwaponline.com/ws/00701/0113/007010113.pdf p.117-118
- p.124: Inscription regarding the dedication of the Building of Eumachia, CIL X, 810: Cooley Sourcebook E42
- p.124: Relationship between Tiberius and Livia: http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/livia.html; http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/livia_coins.html.
- p.124: Inscription regarding the possible building of a colonnade around the piazza, ILS 1627: http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/pompinsc.html
- p.125: Trend of monumentalizing cities in the early imperial period: xxxxxxxxx
- p.125: A new project documenting the Villa Imperiale: http://www.noreal.it/vimp/VIMPeng/index.htm.
- p.125: Post-eruption plundering of Pompeii’s valuables: Cooley Sourcebook C17-19; J32
- p.125: Public reliance on private munificence: xxxxxxxxx
- p.125: Major earthquake which struck Sardis and Philadelphia in Asia Minor in AD 17 (Strabo 12.8.18, 13.4.8; Pliny, HN 2.86; Tacitus, Ann. 2.47): xxxxxxxxx
Ch. 10: Urban planning, roads, streets and neighborhoods C. W. Westfall
- p.131: Pompeii’s putative nucleus (cf. also ch.7) xxxxxxxxx
- p.133: The Propylon as an especially honorific and ceremonial passageway: xxxxxxxxx
- p.134: Photos of the Macellum at Pompeii: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R7/7%2009%2007%20p1.htm
- p.136: Importance of small limestone blocks in the lava pavers: xxxxxxxxx
- p.137: The memorial arches of Pompeii: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/04CBB9D6D6A069F1C1256ABF00337350?OpenDocument
- p.138: Statue base at the Forum’s south end: xxxxxxxxx
Ch. 11: The walls and gates C. Chiaramonte Trerè
- p.140: An interactive plan of the walls and gates of Pompeii, with links to photos: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.net/Plans/plan%20gates.htm
- p.143: The Social Wars: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_%2891–88_BC%29
- p.145: The connection of political and cultural elements Etruscan, Greek and Italic stamp in the archaic Tyrrhenian: xxxxxxxxx
- p.145: The Etruscan component of the earliest village: xxxxxxxxx
- p.145: The Altstadt as the first residential nucleus (cf. also ch. 2): xxxxxxxxx
- p.146: Primary sources indicating the danger of Hannibal: http://www.attalus.org/bc3/year216.html
- p.146: At house VI.15.5 in Pompeii was found a terracotta elephant carrying a tower, perhaps a memento of the Hannibalic War: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=124845.
- p.147: The Sullan conquest (cf. also ch. 8) Cooley Sourcebook 17-26
Ch. 12: The forum and its dependencies J. J. Dobbins
- p.150: For early photos of the Forum, see: http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/galerie_html/vesuv/vesuv_2.html
- p.150: For archival photos of features in the Forum mentioned in this chapter, see: http://pompeii.virginia.edu/pompeii/images/b-w/levin/small/levin.html
- p.151: Mau and Kelsey’s Pompeii: Its Life and Art is now available online, with PDFs for each chapter, scanned from the 1907 revised edition: http://academic.depauw.edu/~pfoss/Mau/maukelsey.html
- p.151: Mau’s assessment of the “tufa period”: http://fs6.depauw.edu:50080/~pfoss/Mau/mau6.pdf, p. 40-41
- p.155: Statue base inscriptions in the Forum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.155: Characteristics (according to Vesuvius), variations, and developments of typical Etrusco-Italic Temples: http://www.vitruvius.be/boek4h7.htm
- p.155: Levin-16 and -17 at http://pompeii.virginia.edu/pompeii/images/b-w/levin/small/levin.html show the entrance cut into the podium of the Temple of Jupiter; see also Figure 12.5
- p.155: Openings left by Maiuri through which earlier columns can be seen: xxxxxxxxx
- p.156: For the famous reliefs of the AD 62 earthquake from the lararium in the atrium of the House of Caecilius Iucundus (cf. also ch. 4): http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11.jpg; http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/images/large/6003.jpg; http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11a.jpg; They were stolen in the early 1990s and have not been recovered (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.12.jpg ), which is the main reason why few images are available on the Web.
- p.159: A photo of the replica mensa ponderaria: http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/pages/051112_0816LM.htm.
- pp.159, 171-2: The Basilica. For graffiti on its walls, see: http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_en/mann/it07/40.html.
- p.160-1: The Macellum. A study of damage and reconstruction patterns: http://www.iath.virginia.edu/struct/pompeii/patterns/sec-00.html#toc;
- p.162: The Aula Regia in the Palace of Domitian in Rome: https://oncourse.iu.edu/access/content/user/leach/www/2003/summer02/june2002/domitaulareg.jpg
- p.162: Post-eruption salvaging: Cooley Sourcebook C17-19, J32
- p.164: The inscription recording Mamia’s dedication of the Sanctuary of the Genius of Augustus, CIL X, 816: Cooley Sourcebook E39
- p.165: Inscriptions regarding the Eumachia Building: CIL X, 810: Cooley Sourcebook E42
- p.166: CIL X, 808, 809: Cooley Sourcebook E44, E45
- p.166: Scroll moldings of acanthus on the Ara Pacis Augustae: http://www.vroma.org:7878/1976/
- p.166: Statue fragments found in the 1820s: xxxxxxxxx
- p.167: The porter’s lodge: Feature 223 in the photos at http://pompeii.virginia.edu/pompeii/images/b-w/levin/small/levin.html
- p.167: The fullers’ inscription found next to the south porticus: http://www.stoa.org/diotima/anthology/wlgr/wlgr-publiclife196.shtml
Ch. 13: Urban, suburban and rural religion in the Roman period A. M. Small
- p.185: Rome’s intolerance of non-traditional cults: xxxxxxxxx
- pp.185-186: Prohibition of the cult of Dionysios-Liber by the enatus consultum de Bacchanalibus: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/scbaccanalibus.html (Latin); http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/sc/sc_bacch_e.html (English); Rumours of the new cult of Dionysus, Livy 39.8-19: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=Liv5His&tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed (English); http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.39.shtml#8 (Latin)
- p.186: The sanctuary of Dionysus at S. Abbondio: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: The Sullan conquest in 80 BC: Cooley Sourcebook 17-26
- p.186: CIL X, 93: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: Roman reform of the priesthood: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: CIL X, 800: Cooley Sourcebook B7
- p.186: The ludi apollinares: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Ludi_Apollinares.html; CIL X, 1074d: Cooley Sourcebook D8
- p.186: CIL I, 1252: xxxxxxxxx; CIL X, 787: Cooley Sourcebook E1
- p.186: Inscription identifying Venus Fisica Pompeiana, CIL IV, 1520: Cooley Sourcebook D74
- p.186: Graffiti alluding to the cult of Venus: CIL IV, 26: Cooley Sourcebook E15; CIL IV, 538: Cooley Sourcebook E18; CIL IV, 1520: Cooley Sourcebook D74; CIL IV, 2457: Cooley Sourcebook E17; CIL IV, 4007: Cooley Sourcebook C16; CIL IV, 6865: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: Pompeii referred to as the city of Venus in Martial IV.44.5: http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Herculaneum/Herculaneum.html (mouse over for English translation); Statius, Silvae V.3.164: http://thelatinlibrary.com/statius/silvae5.shtml (Latin)
- pp.186-7: A new project concerned with the Sanctuary and Temple of Venus: http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/venus.
- p.187: For the famous reliefs of the AD 62 earthquake from the lararium in the atrium of the House of Caecilius Iucundus (cf. also ch. 4): http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11.jpg; http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/images/large/6003.jpg; http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11a.jpg; They were stolen in the early 1990s and have not been recovered (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.12.jpg ), which is the main reason why few images are available on the Web.
- p.187: The official status of the cult of Isis under Vespasian: xxxxxxxxx
- p.188: The theatrical requirements of the cult of Isis: xxxxxxxxx; purification ceremonies of the cult: xxxxxxxxx
- p.188: Statue of Isis from the NE colonnade of the Temple of Isis: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=976;
- p.188: Pilaster painting of Venus Anadyomene in II.1.12: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R2/2%2001%2012.htm; syncretism of the Isis cult and Graeco-Roman cults: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: Paintings of Isaic ceremonies from Herculaneum: the hight priest: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/daily_life_gallery_04.shtml; the one with the masked man: xxxxxxxxx; sistra from Pompeii: http://sights.seindal.dk/photo/8915,s934f.html
- p.189: Ancient sources which refer to Cybele and Attis: Lucretius De Rerum Naturae: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/lucretius-reruma.html; Catullus Carmina 63: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0006;query=poem%3D%2365;layout=;loc=62; Ovid Fasti iv.221: xxxxxxxxx; Diodorus iii.58-?: xxxxxxxxx; Pausanius vii.17.5: xxxxxxxxx Prudentius on the Galli, Peristephanon X:xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: Fresco at IX.7.I: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2007%2001.htm
- p.189: CIL X, 1406: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: The Flavian dynasty and eastern cults: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: The temples reported by the early excavators: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: inscription recording the collegium of Venerei at Herculaneum: http://books.google.com/books?id=6KQBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA70&dq=collegium+venerei+herculaneum&ei=BKUJR821Fp3kowLX-qGdDQ#PPA70,M1
- p.189: CIL IV, 60: Cooley Sourcebook E62
- p.189: A fresco in the Naples Museum from Edifice B at Moregine near Pompeii showing (perhaps) the Compitalia: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/compitaliafresco.jpg.
- pp.189-193: Crossroads shrines to the Lares: Cooley Sourcebook E61-E67
- p.189: Frieze of the Twelve Gods at IX.II.I: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Altars/Altar%2091101.htm
- p.189: Local ward system reform in 17 BC: xxxxxxxxxx
- p.190: Shrine at IX.12.7: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Altars/Altar%2091207.htm
- p.190: The Procession of Cybele at IX.7.1: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2007%2001.htm; Venus Pompeiana IX.7.7: http://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2007%2007.htm; Semo Sancus at Herculaneum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.191: Patron deities. The painted Priapus with weigh-scales from the House of the Vettii: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/priapus.jpg; For an actual set of bronze scales found at Pompeii dating to AD 47, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=74039. For representations of other deities in private houses, cf. a three-quarter-scale archaizing statue of Artemis found in the garden of VIII.2.14: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6008; a gilded statuette of Venus in a bikini (house provenance disputed): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=152798; an inscribed altar (in Oscan) to the goddess Flora and a statuette found in the atrium of the House of the Faun (VI.12.2): Cooley Sourcebook A13.
- pp.191-3: For two bronze Lares found in lararium (e) in the House of the Gilded Cupids, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=133327, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=133328.
- p.193: Underground chamber lararium in the House of Popidius Priscus (VII.2.20): xxxxxxxxx; narrow lararium at the House of the Lararium (I.6.4): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R1/1%2006%2004%20p1.htm
- p.193: The association of doves with Venus: xxxxxxxxx
- p.193: Bona Dea: http://www.pantheon.org/articles/b/bona_dea.html; Bona Dea image in the Casa di Vinaio (IX.9.6): xxxxxxxxx
- p.193: The sacrarium at the Villa of Risi di Prisco at Boscoreale: xxxxxxxxx
- p.193: House of the Golden Bracelet (VI.17.42): xxxxxxxxx; similar garden paintings in Pompeian houses: xxxxxxxxx
p.193: House of the Floral Cubiculum (I.9.6): xxxxxxxxx; House of the Fruit Orchard (I.11.5): xxxxxxxxx - p.194: Sabazius: http://www.pantheon.org/articles/s/sabazius.html; suppression of the cult in 139 BC: xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Ritual vessels found near the altar: xxxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Cult of Dionysus and its popularity: xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Dionysus as the god of wine in the House of the Centenary (IX.8.3.6): xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Shrines of Dionysus in other wine-producing villas in the region: xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: For a discussion of the Dionysiac cult and mysteries in respect to the fresco cycle in the Villa of Mysteries: http://www.stoa.org/diotima/essays/seaford.shtml; for a full drawing of that frieze and photographic details: http://www.learn.columbia.edu/roman/htm/kampen_frame3.htm. See also these two articles: E.K. Gazda, “Replicating Roman Murals in Pompeii: Archaeology, Art, and Politics in Italy of the 1920s,” and B. Bergmann, “Seeing Women in the Villa of the Mysteries: A Modern Excavation of the Dionysiac Murals,” in V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, pp. 206-29 and 230-69.
- p.194: The shrine in the Villa Regina at Boscoreale: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p2.htm.
- p.195: The “Judgement of Solomon” from the House of the Doctor (VIII.5.24): http://www.ntimages.com/Italy/Naples-museum/sol-decision.jpg; for a scene of pygmies fighting crocodiles from the same house: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=113196.
- p.195: CIL IV, 4976: Cooley Sourcebook E71
- p.195: Cross-shaped groove at Herculaneum: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/chest.jpg
- p.195: Painting from House of the Doctor: now in Naples Archaeological Museum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.195: A discussion of tombs, cults of the dead and religious festivals: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Funus.html
- p.196: For the ivory figure of the goddess Laksmi (or Lakshmi) from I.8.5: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=149425.
- p.196: The Twelve Tables, including Table X and the prohibition against burying or cremating a corpse within the city: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/12tables.html
- p.196: The inscription on the tomb of Marcus Nonius Balbus: xxxxxxxxx
- p.197: For the mosaic of Plato’s Academy from the Villa of T. Siminius Stephanus: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=124545.
- pp.197-9: a short article on the Augustan model for “Civic Religion and Civic Patronage” by John Nicols at Oregon: http://www.uoregon.edu/~nic/Civic%20Religion%20and%20Civic%20Patronage.htm.
- p.201: For a terracotta statuette of Aeneas fleeing Troy, carrying his father Anchises and leading his son Ascanius (from Pompeii, but specific provenance unknown): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=110338.
Ch. 14: Amphitheatre, palaestra, and entertainment complexes C. Parslow
- p.
- p.xx: For early photos of the amphitheater, see: http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/galerie_html/vesuv/vesuv_4.html
- p.xx: The gladiatorial helmet in the Naples Museum, found in the Quadriportico of the Theater (VIII.7.16-17): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5674; the gladiatorial shield from the same location: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5669.
- p.xx: For a bronze tintinnabulum (decorative bell) depicting a gladiator battling his own phallus, found at Herculaneum, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=27853.
- p.xx: Tacitus on the amphitheater riot (Ann 14.17, in Latin and English): http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+14.17. For the painting depicting the riot from House I.3.23, west wall of the court, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=112222.
Ch. 15: The city baths A. O. Koloski-Ostrow
- p.229: A sundial with an Oscan dedicatory inscription was located near the entrance of the Stabian Baths: Cooley Sourcebook A10.
- p. xx: Restoration of the statue of Nonius Balbus in the plaza in front of the Suburban Baths: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/9DC8DD571A3CD542C125718000350DF0?OpenDocument.
Ch. 16: The water system: supply and drainage G. Jansen
- p.
III. Housing
Ch. 17: Domestic spaces and activities P. M. Allison
- p.
Ch. 18: The development of the Campanian house A. Wallace-Hadrill
- p.
- pp.286-7: For artworks from the House of the Faun displayed in the Naples Museum: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/cerca/Contents/createPage?tematismo=4&index=-1
Ch. 19: Instrumentum domesticum – a case study J. Berry
- p.
Ch. 20: Domestic decoration: paintings and the “Four Styles” V. M. Strocka
- p. xx: General site: http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/roman/painting.html
- p.304: For a landscape scene of pygmies fighting crocodiles from the House of the Doctor (VIII.5.24): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=113196
- p.313: For an example of Third-Style garden painting: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=8760;
- p.315: A new project documenting the Villa Imperiale, with good illustrations: http://www.noreal.it/vimp/VIMPeng/index.htm.
Ch. 21: Domestic decoration: mosaics and stucco J. R. Clarke
- p.
- pp.324-5: For opus vermiculatum emblemata, cf. the strolling musicians from the Villa of Cicero: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=9985;
- p.325: For the underwater still-life from the House of the Faun, of which several other copies are known: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=9997.
- p.325: For an early photo of central portion of the Alexander Mosaic in the House of the Faun, see: http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/galerie_html/vesuv/alex01.jpg; for the Naples Museum page: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=10020. For a comparative bronze of a mounted Alexander from near the theater at Herculaneum: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=4996, which probably also belongs with this horse found at the same place: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=4894.
- p.328: For an interesting allegorical figural mosaic of life and death (perhaps of the Second Style) from dining-room (h) in shop (I.5.2): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=109982.
Ch. 22: Real and painted (imitation) marble at Pompeii J. C. Fant
- p. 346 (n.32): Corrigendum: The address for the House of (M.) Fabius Rufus should be corrected from (VI.17 [Ins. Occ.].16-19) to: VII.16 [Ins. Occ.].17-22 (see Map 3). Publications using H. Eschebach’s map cite a slightly different numbering system for this property: VII Ins. Occ. 16-19. Meanwhile, Van der Poel’s Corpus Topographicum Pompeianum uses two systems: [19], [21-23] (see CTP vol. II, p.295n*8); and 19, A-C (1:1000 fold-out map in CTP vol. III). The inconsistencies are quite confusing; we sorry that our typographic error has not helped.
Ch. 23: Houses of Regions I and II S. Ciro Nappo
- p.
- p.357: For a color photograph of the Apollo Citharoedus (Figure 23.9): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5630.
- p.362: Two Isiaic cult vessels were found near a body in the Large Palaestra (II.7), not far from the House of Loreius Tiburtinus (aka Octavius Quartio, II.2.2) and the Praedia of Julia Felix (II.4), perhaps belonging to a refugee of one of those properties; see the objects in the Naples Museum: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6044 and http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6045.
Ch. 24: Regions V and IX: early anonymous domestic architecture K. Peterse
- p.
Ch. 25: Intensification, heterogeneity and power in the development of insual VI.1 R. Jones and D. Robinson
- p.
Ch. 26: Rooms with a view: residences built on terraces (Regions VI-VIII) R. A. Tybout
- p.411: Erratum: The small house listed at address VIII.2.P is uncertain; I do not know to what building it is referring.
- p.416: Another possible oecus aegyptius was uncovered in the 1990s in the form of a large dining-room on the west side of the late second-century AD “Maison d’Africa” at El Djem (ancient Thysdrus, in modern Tunisia). See: http://www.igm.com.tn/amvppc/eng/musees/eljem.php (under “More pictures”, the fourth one down on the left side, a cut-away reconstruction of the house; cf. the large room off of the peristyle at upper right).
Ch. 27: Residences in Herculaneum J.-A. Dickmann
- p.xx: for a virtual QuickTime tour of Herculaneum: http://www.proxima-veritati.auckland.ac.nz/ProjectB/Pages/FramePage.html. See also the Herculaneumn Conservation Project: http://www.bsr.ac.uk/BSR/sub_arch/BSR_Arch_03Herc.htm.
- p.429: For a comparable statuette of a satyr pouring from a wineskin (from the House of the Centenary at Pompeii): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=111495.
- p.430: The House of the Relief of Telephus is so named because of this relief showing Achilles treating Telephus with the weapon that wounded him: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=286787.
- p.430: Another possible oecus aegyptius was uncovered in the 1990s in the form of a large dining-room on the west side of the late second-century AD “Maison d’Africa” at El Djem (ancient Thysdrus, in modern Tunisia). See: http://www.igm.com.tn/amvppc/eng/musees/eljem.php (under “More pictures”, the fourth one down on the left side, a cut-away reconstruction of the house; cf. the large room off of the peristyle at upper right).
- p. 432: For fine photographs of art from the Villa of the Papyri in the Naples Museum, see: http://www.servius.org/Herculanum/ (index pages 1-4). For a good look at Karl Weber’s 1756 color plan of the Villa of the Papyri, see: http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p83.htm, and choose ‘View Enlarged’.
- p.433: For several of the sculptures from the Villa of the Papyri: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5625 (the seated Hermes); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5618 (Dionysus); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5604, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5605, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5619, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5620, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5621 (five Danaids, aka “dancers”); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5626, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5627 (two runners); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5465 (“the philosopher Epicurus”); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5607 (“Pythagoras”); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5616 (the “pseudo-Seneca”); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6150 (“Pyrrhus”); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6158 (Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6149 (Hellenistic ruler);
Ch. 28: Villas surrounding Pompeii and Herculaneum E. M. Moormann
- p.435, 440: Four frescoes from Boscoreale and Boscotrecase in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, can be seen here, amongst select items from the new Greek and Roman galleries: http://www.metmuseum.org/special/greek_roman/images.asp; also see this essay: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cubi/hd_cubi.htm. An apologia by the De Prisco family about the discovery and diffusion of artifacts from P.F. Synistor and Pisanella villas at Boscoreale is here (mostly in Italian): http://www.deprisco.it/pages/tesoroindex.htm. The silver treasure from the Pisanella villa (the Trésor de Boscoreale) is displayed in the Louvre, vitrine centrale 4 in Salle 33 of the Salle Henri II of the Sully wing, premier étage: http://cartelen.louvre.fr/cartelen/visite?srv=sal_frame&idSalle=189, courtesy of an 1895 donation by the Baron Edmond James de Rothschild.
- p.445: For the construction and materials of the Villa of the Mysteries, see this dissertation by J.H. Immo Kirsch (in German): http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/20/html/misteri.htm.
- p.447: For paintings of villas at Pompeii, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=9406;
- p.448: The Villa Regina at Boscoreale (four pages of photographs): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p1.htm. See also: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p1.htm.
- p.448: The Contrada Sora Villa at Torre del Greco: http://www.vesuvioweb.com/new/article.php3?id_article=89&var_recherche=sora (click on the ‘capitolo’ pictures at the bottom to access PDF reports; in Italian).
- p.448: for a good look at Karl Weber’s 1756 color plan of the Villa of the Papyri, see: http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p83.htm, and choose ‘View Enlarged’.
- p.450: The statue of Pan (Moormann says a ‘satyr’) copulating with a goat, from the Villa of the Papyri, in the Naples Museum: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=27709
IV. Society and economy
Ch. 29: Shops and industries F. Pirson
- p.
- pp.463-6: For color versions of the paintings depicting the work stages in a fullonica (Figures 29.4b-d), see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=9774.
- p.467: For a relief advertising a metalworking shop (perhaps, but not definitely from Pompeii, and now in the Naples Museum): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6575.
Ch. 30: Inns and taverns J. DeFelice
- p. xx: For the painting of Priapus outside the Lupanar at Pompeii: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/brothel_painting1.jpg
- p.478: For the portrait of the lady in the House of the Matron (a mosaic emblema in triclinium [m]): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=124666 (better images are here: http://www2.fhw.gr/chronos/07/images/society/20/ph13b.jpg; http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/pages/051111_0697LM.htm);
- p.479: A egg-cooking tray that could prepare twenty-nine eggs at a time, from Pompeii: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=76545
Ch. 31: Gardens W. F. Jashemski
- p.
Ch. 32: The loss of innocence: Pompeian economy and society W. M. Jongman
- p.
Ch. 33: Epigraphy and society J. Franklin
- p.
Ch. 34: Pompeian women F. Bernstein
- p.
- p.527: The painting of the young literate couple from VII.2.6: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=9058. The other most famous painting of an educated lady was found somewhere on Masseria Cuomo in Region VI, the so-called “Sappho”: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=9084.
- p.528: A musicial instrument (bagpipes) from Pompeii (n.b.: its provenance is unknown, nor is there any indication of who would have played it): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=111055.
Ch. 35: The lives of slaves M. George
- p.
- p.539: The House of the Venus in Bikini (I.11.6) is so named because this statue was allegedly found there: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=152798.
Ch. 36: Pompeian men and women in portrait sculpture K. E. Welch
- p.550: Another kind of portrait, of a man’s image painted on glass, has been found at Pompeii: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=132424.
- p. 570 (n.70): A mould, taken from a deceased man’s face, and a plaster head of a woman, probably taken from a similar funerary mask or mould and re-touched to improve and add details, have been recovered from a small workshop in an industrial quarter of ancient Thysdrus (modern El Djem) in Tunisia. They date to the third century AD. They are illustrated in H. Slim, El Jem. Ancient Thysdrus, Tunis, 1996, pp. 68-9.
- p.xx: For the Naples Museum page on the herm of L. Caecilius Iucundus: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=110663
Ch. 37: The tombs at Pompeii S. Cormack
- p.586: An Oscan funerary inscription of a woman claiming to have lived 112 years: Cooley Sourcebook A14.
Ch. 38: Victims of the cataclysm E. Lazer
- p.612: Celsus, Med. 8.3-4 on the surgical procedure of trepanation (Latin and English): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Celsus/home.html
- n.4: Luongo’s article can be accessed in PDF form here: http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/Luongo2JVGR.pdf
Ch. 39: Early published sources for Pompeii A. Laidlaw
- p.
- p.627: For the cork model of the site of Pompeii, see: http://www.iath.virginia.edu/struct/pompeii/patterns/app-C.html; http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=s.n.%203; also (an old postcard of the model): http://www.rivistazetesis.it/pompei.jpg.
Glossary
- p.646: Still-life of seafood: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=8635;
* * *
* Back to Pompeii